Three rules, one engine
A stationary reciprocating engine can fall under three federal rules at once. NSPS Subpart IIII covers compression ignition (CI) engines and NSPS Subpart JJJJ covers spark ignition (SI) engines; both turn on construction, modification, or reconstruction dates. NESHAP Subpart ZZZZ covers stationary engines at major and area sources of HAP alike, so every stationary engine needs a ZZZZ check.
Work in this order: engine type, then the dates, then the site's HAP status.
“You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate a stationary RICE at a major or area source of HAP emissions, except if the stationary RICE is being tested at a stationary RICE test cell/stand.”
40 CFR 63.6585
The order date is the construction date
For both NSPS rules, construction commences when the engine is ordered, not when it is delivered, set, or started. Find the purchase order. Then find the manufacture date on the nameplate or in the manufacturer's records; the rules use both dates.
“For the purposes of this subpart, the date that construction commences is the date the engine is ordered by the owner or operator.”
40 CFR 60.4200(a)“For the purposes of this subpart, the date that construction commences is the date the engine is ordered by the owner or operator.”
40 CFR 60.4230(a)
Compression ignition engines: Subpart IIII
For a CI engine, Subpart IIII looks at the order date and the manufacture date, with a separate manufacture date for certified fire pump engines. Modified and reconstructed engines have their own date. Read 40 CFR 60.4200 in full for the manufacturer and other owner cases not quoted here.
“Owners and operators of stationary CI ICE that commence construction after July 11, 2005, where the stationary CI ICE are:”
40 CFR 60.4200(a)(2)“Manufactured after April 1, 2006, and are not fire pump engines, or”
40 CFR 60.4200(a)(2)(i)“Manufactured as a certified National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) fire pump engine after July 1, 2006.”
40 CFR 60.4200(a)(2)(ii)“Owners and operators of any stationary CI ICE that are modified or reconstructed after July 11, 2005”
40 CFR 60.4200(a)(3)
Spark ignition engines: Subpart JJJJ
Subpart JJJJ works the same way, but the manufacture date that matters depends on the engine's maximum engine power and type. Know the power rating, whether the engine is lean burn, and whether it is an emergency engine before reading the dates. Read 40 CFR 60.4230 in full for the other cases.
“Owners and operators of stationary SI ICE that commence construction after June 12, 2006, where the stationary SI ICE are manufactured:”
40 CFR 60.4230(a)(4)“On or after July 1, 2007, for engines with a maximum engine power greater than or equal to 500 HP (except lean burn engines with a maximum engine power greater than or equal to 500 HP and less than 1,350 HP);”
40 CFR 60.4230(a)(4)(i)“on or after January 1, 2008, for lean burn engines with a maximum engine power greater than or equal to 500 HP and less than 1,350 HP;”
40 CFR 60.4230(a)(4)(ii)“on or after July 1, 2008, for engines with a maximum engine power less than 500 HP; or”
40 CFR 60.4230(a)(4)(iii)“on or after January 1, 2009, for emergency engines with a maximum engine power greater than 19 KW (25 HP).”
40 CFR 60.4230(a)(4)(iv)“Owners and operators of stationary SI ICE that are modified or reconstructed after June 12, 2006”
40 CFR 60.4230(a)(5)
Subpart ZZZZ: settle the site's HAP status first
Under ZZZZ, whether an engine is new or existing depends on the site's HAP status and, at major sources, on the engine's site rating. Determine major or area status before anything else; the guide on major and area sources covers how. At oil and gas production facilities, ZZZZ makes that determination for each surface site.
“except that for oil and gas production facilities, a major source of HAP emissions is determined for each surface site.”
40 CFR 63.6585(b)“For stationary RICE with a site rating of more than 500 brake horsepower (HP) located at a major source of HAP emissions, a stationary RICE is existing if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the stationary RICE before December 19, 2002.”
40 CFR 63.6590(a)(1)(i)“For stationary RICE with a site rating of less than or equal to 500 brake HP located at a major source of HAP emissions, a stationary RICE is existing if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the stationary RICE before June 12, 2006.”
40 CFR 63.6590(a)(1)(ii)“For stationary RICE located at an area source of HAP emissions, a stationary RICE is existing if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the stationary RICE before June 12, 2006.”
40 CFR 63.6590(a)(1)(iii)
When meeting the NSPS meets ZZZZ
For many new or reconstructed engines, ZZZZ is met by meeting Subpart IIII or JJJJ, and nothing further applies under ZZZZ. New and reconstructed engines at area sources are one of the listed cases. For engines at major sources the list depends on engine type and site rating, so read all of 40 CFR 63.6590(c).
“must meet the requirements of this part by meeting the requirements of 40 CFR part 60 subpart IIII, for compression ignition engines or 40 CFR part 60 subpart JJJJ, for spark ignition engines. No further requirements apply for such engines under this part.”
40 CFR 63.6590(c)“A new or reconstructed stationary RICE located at an area source;”
40 CFR 63.6590(c)(1)
Exclusions to check
Some engines don't have to meet ZZZZ at all, or only part of it: certain existing engines at major sources, and certain existing emergency engines at area sources. Each exclusion depends on the rule's definitions, including what counts as an emergency engine and how it may operate, so read the definition before relying on one.
“The following stationary RICE do not have to meet the requirements of this subpart and of subpart A of this part, including initial notification requirements:”
40 CFR 63.6590(b)(3)“The emergency stationary RICE listed in paragraphs (f)(1) through (3) of this section are not subject to this subpart.”
40 CFR 63.6585(f)
What to collect for each engine
With these in hand, the Applicability Checker walks each engine through the quoted rule text and lists what is still missing.
- Make, model, serial number, and a photo of the nameplate
- Order date and manufacture date, with the documents that show them
- CI or SI; for SI, rich burn or lean burn, and two-stroke or four-stroke
- Maximum engine power and site rating
- Fuel, and whether the engine is certified by the manufacturer
- Emergency, limited use, or non-emergency service, and how hours are recorded
- Any modification or reconstruction, with dates and costs
- The site's major or area status for HAP, and the basis for it
Sources
- 40 CFR 60.4200: Subpart IIII applicability (eCFR)
- 40 CFR 60.4230: Subpart JJJJ applicability (eCFR)
- 40 CFR 63.6585: Subpart ZZZZ applicability (eCFR)
- 40 CFR 63.6590: Subpart ZZZZ affected sources (eCFR)
This guide explains how programs fit together. Thresholds, limits, and dates appear only in the quoted text, linked to its source; read the full provision before relying on it.
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